We give abundant advice to founders about how to make startups succeed yet we offer few models about dealing with startup failure.

So here’s mine.

“What’s gone and what’s past help
Should be past grief.” William Shakespeare – The Winter’s Tale

In my experience, living through startup failure has six stages:

• Stage 1: Shock and surprise
• Stage 2: Denial
• Stage 3: Anger and blame
• Stage 4: Depression
• Stage 5: Acceptance
• Stage 6: Insight and change

While I had been part of a few failed startups, none of them had fallen squarely on my shoulders until Rocket Science Games where my business card said CEO. It was there that I lived through all six stages and came out the other side a changed man.

Startup Failure

Stage 1: Shock and Surprise

We raised $35 million and after 18 months made the cover of Wired magazine. The press called Rocket Science one of the hottest companies in Silicon Valley and predicted that our games would be great because the storyboards and trailers were spectacular. 90 days later, I found out our games are terrible, no one is buying them, our best engineers started leaving, and with 120 people and a huge burn rate, we’re running out of money and about to crash. This can’t be happening to me.

Stage 2: Deny Any Of It Was Your Fault

In my mind, I had done everything the investors asked me to do. I raised a tonne of money and got a tonne of press. We hired everyone according to our plan. It was everyone else who screwed up. I did everything right.

Stage 3: Get Angry And Blame Everyone Else

This was the fault of my co-founder since he was in charge of game development, it was the engineers who bailed on me, it was the sales and marketing people who didn’t tell me how bad the games were, it was the VCs who refused to put any more money in the company, it was Sega’s fault for making a bad gaming platform…

State 4: Get Depressed

When the inevitability and magnitude of the failure sunk in, I slept in a lot. There were days I’d get up late and go to bed again at 5 pm. I lost interest in anything associated with my past industry. (To this day, I still can’t play a video game.)

Redemption

Step 5: Gradually Accept Your Role In The Failure

A few weeks after leaving, I began to think about what I should have done to avoid startup failure, could have done and pondered why I didn’t do it. (I didn’t listen, I didn’t act, I didn’t own my role as CEO, I wasn’t prepared to do what was right or leave.) This was hard and didn’t happen overnight. My wife was a great partner here. I often reverted to Stages 2 and 3, but over time I took ownership of my primary role in the debacle.

Stage 6: Gain Insight And Change Your Behaviour

This was the hardest part. While I stopped blaming others, understanding what I could change in my behaviour took long months. It would have been much easier to just move on, but I was looking for the lessons that would make my next startup successful.

I looked at the patterns of behaviour, not just at my last company but also across my entire career. I learned how to dial back the hubris, get other smart people to work with me – rather than just for me, listen better, and act and do what was right – regardless of what others thought I should do.

Epilogue

For my next startup, I parked the behaviours that drove Rocket Science off the cliff. We established a team of founders who worked collaboratively. When my co-founders and I got the company scalable and repeatable, we hired an operating executive as the CEO and returned a billion dollars to each of our two lead investors.

Now when I listen to entrepreneurs who’ve cratered a company, I listen for their stories of startup failure and redemption.

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[This post by Steve Blank first appeared on the official website and has been reproduced with permission.]