Digital Payments Account For 97% Of Daily Payment Volume, Says RBI

The banking and financial services industry in India has seen a paradigm shift since the inception of NPCI in 2009. The wave of change started by the introduction of early digital payments instruments like credit cards, debit cards, RTGS and IMPS, has reached its pinnacle in the last three years, after the November 2016 demonetisation event. The extent of digital penetration can be gauged from the fact that each day on an average, the payment systems in India process more than 10 Cr transactions of nearly INR 6 Lakh Cr, according to Shaktikanta Das, Reserve Bank of India governor.

Das claimed that digital payments account for around 97% of daily payment system transactions in terms of volume. “This has been made possible with the accelerated growth of over 50% in the volume of digital payment transactions in the last five years,” he added.

Anand Kumar Bajaj, MD & CEO, PayNearby said, “India has become a poster boy for the world when it comes to financial access to all. We are sure in addition to being a Krishi Pradhan Desh, India will soon be recognised as a Digital Pradhan nation too.”

It’s Slow, But The Shift Is Happening

According to RBI data, the currency in circulation across the country increased at a CAGR of 10.2% over the past five years, i.e., between the financial years (FY) 2014-15 and 2018-19.

Demonetisation and active growth in GDP brought down the cash in circulation as a percentage of GDP to 8.70% in 2016-17. This increased to 10.70% in 2017-18 and to 11.2% in 2018-19 which, however, is less than the pre-demonetisation level of 12.1% in 2015-16. Thus, keeping up hopes for fintech stakeholders.

Further, except China and India, the other relevant nations have shown an increase in cash circulation. Reduction in low denomination currency is indicative of the fact that small value transactions are indeed moving to digital, mentioned Bajaj.

“The rate of increase is lower indicating a perceptible shift away from cash. Although cash is deeply embedded in the payment systems in India, planned efforts post-demonetisation have shown a marked shift from cash to digital payments,” said RBI’s report.

Banks No Longer View Fintech As Disruptive

As highlighted by Das, banks are now embracing technological innovation at a fast pace,  ranging from investing in fintech companies and launching their own fintech subsidiaries to collaborating with fintech companies.

Also, with the entry of fintech startups in segments such as payments and remittance, crowd-funding, trade finance, insurance, account aggregation, wealth management and more, several banks are applying a hybrid model in collaboration with fintech players where mobile services interact with banking services.

“This “best of both worlds” approach has resulted in tremendous growth in the number of digital payments, which is expected to continue,” he added.

A Move Towards The New Era Of Banking

In his speech, Das focussed on the fact that banks today are facing competition from fintech companies as well as big tech companies such as Google, WhatsApp, Amazon, PayPal, Flipkart, Ola, Uber among others. Local and global players, investors and government stakeholders are fighting hard to get a pie in the booming fintech ecosystem of India.

“At present, financial services are only a small part of their business globally. But given their size and reach, their low-cost structure business can easily be scaled up to provide basic financial services to the unbanked population,” he added.

Uber recently announced the formation of the Uber Money team of more than 100 technology professionals in India. WhatsApp Pay received its NPCI licence. Swiss bank UBS is considering launching a venture fund to invest in fintech startups. And NPCI has even launched “UPI Chalega” campaign to increase user engagement and mobile payments adoption.

The crux is that rapid innovations and adoption of new-age technologies are not only putting pressure on banks and banking regulators but everyone else connected to the ecosystem, willing to be a part of this growth. While cut-throat competition is inevitable, Das believes this is for the better.

“As the Indian banking sector is propelled forward to a higher orbit, banks would have to strive hard to remain relevant in the changing economic environment by reworking their business strategies, designing products with the customer in mind and focusing on improving the efficiency of their services,” said Das.

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