The Indian government permits 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the online gaming sector, making it an attractive proposition for investors
The country's technical workforce is well-equipped to develop, innovate and launch new online games, with its strong animation capabilities
However, the recent government decision to increase the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on skill-based games from 18% to 28% has further complicated the regulatory landscape
Online gaming in India is on a rapid growth trajectory, largely driven by widespread access to smartphones. With a user base estimated at 570 Mn and nearly 9 Bn gaming app downloads in 2023, the sector has witnessed a remarkable Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 28% since 2020.
This exponential growth has attracted significant domestic and foreign investment. Affordable data rates and the COVID-19 pandemic have further boosted the popularity of mobile-based gaming, creating numerous opportunities for skill enhancement through online platforms.
Government Policies And Investment Potential
The Indian government permits 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the online gaming sector, making it an attractive proposition for investors. Prestigious international events, such as the Commonwealth Games 2022 and the Asian Games 2023, have included medal events for e-sports and competitive gaming. This inclusion has granted legal recognition and boosted the sector’s credibility.
India contributes 1.1% to global online gaming revenue. The country’s technical workforce is well-equipped to develop, innovate and launch new online games, with its strong animation capabilities. This ecosystem not only encourages developers and entrepreneurs but also makes India an attractive destination for both domestic and foreign investors.
Regulatory Challenges
Despite the sector’s growth potential, regulatory ambiguity poses significant challenges. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has only partially streamlined the regulatory framework for the online gaming industry through amendments to the IT Act 2000. However, the lack of clear parameters distinguishing games of skill from games of chance has led to policy uncertainties.
Along with the formation and establishment of three Self-Regulatory Organisations (SROs), the industry has been enforcing a code of conduct that mandates Know Your Customer (KYC) protocols and adherence to advertising standards to prevent misleading messages. Furthermore, the industry has also implemented analytics to prevent platforms from being used for money laundering.
However, MeitY has yet to constitute a regulatory body to oversee and enable the registration of online gaming companies involved in skill-based games. Conversely, those involved in chance-based games register under the Indian Gambling Act in respective states. This fragmented regulatory approach has caused concern among investors, especially concerning online platforms.
Taxation Issues
Additionally, the recent government decision to increase the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on skill-based games from 18% to 28% has further complicated the regulatory landscape.
Although the decision was made in 2023 the tax was instead applied retrospectively from July 1, 2017, thereby negatively impacting the online gaming industry. Adding to the industry’s woes, GST was imposed on non-goods and services activities, such as the money on the table in real-money games, which is merely a conduit to pay the winner after deducting direct tax. This has led to litigation and uncertainty, affecting further investment in the sector.
Potential And Future Prospects
India has significant potential to become a hub for developing and providing platforms for online gaming. The country has a robust base of clientele using gaming for both learning and entertainment. The government of Tamil Nadu has recently established a regulatory body to address concerns about addiction, as the reported incidence of internet gaming disorder among school and graduate students ranges from 1.3% to 19.9%.
Technology requirements include implementing filters to control the amount of money and time spent on gaming. Warning signals alert players, and persistent problematic behaviour is monitored using analytics and AI, supplying regulators with valuable data.
Technological Integration And Cultural Opportunities
Furthermore, technological integration such as using blockchain technology for data storage and the adoption of advanced analytics can further empower regulators to monitor abnormal behaviour among players. Thereby helping to identify addiction or laundering activities and enabling corrective legal measures.
India’s deep connectivity, penetrating even remote areas, and the rapid increase in smartphone penetration (currently at 60%) underscore the country’s potential. Additionally, India’s rich cultural heritage offers opportunities to develop local content, making online gaming an informative and educational tool.
Conclusion
The online gaming industry in India is poised for significant growth, driven by technological advancements and increasing smartphone penetration. However, to fully realise this potential, clarity, consistency, and coordination among various government agencies are essential to build investor confidence.
By establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework and integrating advanced technologies, India can become a global hub for online gaming innovation, providing a platform for both entertainment and education. It’s time for decisive action to secure the future of this burgeoning industry.
